Rat endotoxin (ET) ELISA Kit was purchased from Shanghai Yuduo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit, Agarose Gel DNA Extraction Kit were purchased from QIAGEN (Germany). The beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was purchased from Cheng Du Ke Long Chemical Reagent Factory (Sichuan province, China). Sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) was purchased from Kang Da Natural Perfume Oil Factory (Jiangxi province, China). The aim here was to investigate the effects of SOEO microcapsules on body weight and gut microbiota in obese rats, and try to expose the inner connection between the two. We revealed that the microcapsules increased the solubility and bioavailability of SOEO. In our previous study, SOEO microcapsules were prepared and the compomemts of SOEO were analysed using GC-MS (shown in Supplementary Fig. 1) with main component d-limonene of 97.42%. SOEO is a natural and safe plant extract, mainly exists in the citrus fruit ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peel, that exhibits many bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer etc. In this study, the obese rats were treated orally with sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) microcapsules. Now, more and more research showed that, shifts in the composition of gut bacterial populations by diet could alter host metabolism to lose weight.
Besides, the collective genome of the gut microbiota contains at least 100 times as many genes as the human genome, with most serving human physiological functions. According to the reports of literature, the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota equals that of the liver, and they can be viewed as an additional metabolic “organ” exquisitely tuned to our physiology that performs functions. The human gut is more densely populated with microorganisms than any other organ, and is a site where they exert strong influences on human biology. In recent years, low-grade, systemic and chronic inflammation has been identified as one primary pathological condition underlying the development of obesity, , ], resulting a new direction in studying obesity.īacteria are found in many parts of the human body primarily on the external and internal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tracts, skin, saliva, oral mucosa, and conjunctiva. What is widely accepted is that obesity results from a long-term positive energy imbalance with multifactorial etiologies involving genetic, neural, metabolic, and environmental factors. The causes of obesity have always been the object of study by scholars. Obesity and associated comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, are major health problems, which have resulted in a significant economic burden and a low quality of life, , ]. Obesity is prevalent among adults, adolescents and children, and is now regarded as a worldwide epidemic.
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